The African Union does not pursue a two-track approach on African integration. Despite the differences in emphasis, levels of ambition and timeframes, both the AFCFTA Agreement and the Abuja Treaty contain plans for integrating African economies and pursuing economic development strategies. They do so at different times and within a prevailing context.

The relationship between the AfCFTA and the AEC is not officially clarified, and it appears as if this need is deliberately downplayed. The Abuja Treaty was ratified and entered into force but seems to serve more of an inspirational function now. The AfCFTA is more pragmatic, shaped by the challenges of the day and the needs of individual nations. It puts less emphasis on solidarity and Pan-Africanism but stresses practical matters such as the preservation of the acquis, reciprocity and global trade relations.