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In an effort to unpack the discourse of the World trade Organisation (WTO) on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), this paper provides a background on Small and Medium Ente...

The most severe impacts of climate change are often felt by the least developed and low-income countries. These countries are scarcely able to afford the challenges of mitigating a...

The latest report released by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) approved on 6 October 2018 is a stark reminder of the dire consequences and impact of global w...

Over the past few years, various African countries have established trade information/intelligence portals to facilitate trade through transparency and sharing of information. This...

‘Data science’ refers to a growing body of knowledge around the acquisition, manipulation, visualisation, analysis and reporting; usually by means of analysis tools or platform...

When the SADC EU Economic Partnership Agreement (SADC EPA) between the European Union (EU) and the Member States of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Mozambique was con...

When the internal legal order of a particular regional integration arrangement is described as being based on “Community Law”, it typically means an advanced level of integrati...

Despite being one of the biggest economies on the African Continent, South Africa is confronted with high levels of poverty, income inequality and high unemployment, which have und...

The free movement of persons has an integral part to play in regional integration. Not only does it contribute to facilitating easier access to economic activities and opportunitie...

Several recommendations have been put forward to address skills shortages or gaps in Africa. African governments are increasingly pursuing market liberalisation in order to tap the...

The 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (COP24) took place in Katowice, Poland from 2-14 December 2018. COP24, which marked the th...

The 2019 European Parliamentary elections were, in many ways, a battle for the hearts and minds of the citizens of the member states. The “values” for which the EU stands, its ...

This working paper investigates illicit financial flows (IFF) in Africa, which have been estimated to have averaged 25% of developing country trade in the decade 2006-2015. These f...

The digital economy is now the economy. This refers to the permeation of digital technologies into practically all spheres of business, finance, trade, education and government. Wh...

The launch of the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA) in June 2015 carried the signs of a new approach towards intra-African trade and integration. It was subsequentl...

The United Kingdom is in the process of extricating itself from the European Union, a comprehensive and well-functioning common market. As a result, it will be required to re-inven...

Why do international trade arrangements have their own institutions? What do these institutions do and how important are they for delivering the intended outcomes? This paper discu...

In January 2012, the African Union (AU) decided to establish a Continental Free Trade Area “to create a single continental market for goods and services, with free movement of bu...

Regional trade agreements (RTAs) are increasing in number and exist alongside the multilateral dispensation of the World Trade Organisation. They are likely to shape trade and...

This working paper provides some key insights into foreign direct investment (FDI) flows within Africa. It covers investment flows into Africa from the rest of the world, as well a...