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There have been prominent statements this year suggesting that skills immigration is high on the Ramaphosa government’s agenda. However, behind the headlines, matters are less th...

The elimination of Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) is identified as one of the main objectives of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The AfCFTA legal instruments – the ...

Boris Johnson became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (UK) on 24 July 2019 and changed the narrative on Brexit. He wants to renegotiate the withdrawal deal agreed by his predec...

The standard procedure for concluding multilateral (as opposed to bilateral) International Agreements is that the texts are negotiated, adopted, signed and ratified by the required...

When the Protocol on Trade in Services of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) enters into force (which is expected to happen in the not too distant future), an importa...

The cost of trade is mainly associated with tariffs and non-tariff costs. Although there are many reasons why these costs are high, minimising trade costs is to the benefit of impo...

Missing data and inaccuracies have meant that significant gaps in the trade data for unspecified commodities and trade with unspecified partners exist in many African countries. Wh...

In an effort to unpack the discourse of the World trade Organisation (WTO) on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), this paper provides a background on Small and Medium Ente...

The most severe impacts of climate change are often felt by the least developed and low-income countries. These countries are scarcely able to afford the challenges of mitigating a...

The latest report released by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) approved on 6 October 2018 is a stark reminder of the dire consequences and impact of global w...

Over the past few years, various African countries have established trade information/intelligence portals to facilitate trade through transparency and sharing of information. This...

‘Data science’ refers to a growing body of knowledge around the acquisition, manipulation, visualisation, analysis and reporting; usually by means of analysis tools or platform...

When the SADC EU Economic Partnership Agreement (SADC EPA) between the European Union (EU) and the Member States of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Mozambique was con...

When the internal legal order of a particular regional integration arrangement is described as being based on “Community Law”, it typically means an advanced level of integrati...

Despite being one of the biggest economies on the African Continent, South Africa is confronted with high levels of poverty, income inequality and high unemployment, which have und...

The free movement of persons has an integral part to play in regional integration. Not only does it contribute to facilitating easier access to economic activities and opportunitie...

Several recommendations have been put forward to address skills shortages or gaps in Africa. African governments are increasingly pursuing market liberalisation in order to tap the...

The 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (COP24) took place in Katowice, Poland from 2-14 December 2018. COP24, which marked the th...

The 2019 European Parliamentary elections were, in many ways, a battle for the hearts and minds of the citizens of the member states. The “values” for which the EU stands, its ...

This working paper investigates illicit financial flows (IFF) in Africa, which have been estimated to have averaged 25% of developing country trade in the decade 2006-2015. These f...