Africa’s Production and Trade Agriculture and minerals Ron Sandrey • Fezeka Matebeni • Camille Andriamahatana • Ashly Hope • Willemien Viljoen • Mary Mwaangireni • Ayabonga Sibulali • Dorica Singini © 2020 tralac, USAID and the Government of Sweden Published by the Trade Law Centre (tralac) | First published March 2020 P.O. Box 224, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 7599 Language editing by Alta Schoeman and | Cover illustration, design and typeset by Talkmore Chidede Samantha Smith ISBN: 978-0-9946861-6-9 | Cover images © Adobe Stock All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of the publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Acknowledgements The generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) towards the publication of this book is acknowledged. The contents are the responsibility of Trade Law Centre NPC and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. The support of The Government of Sweden in the publication of this book is acknowledged. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) does not necessarily share the views expressed in this material. Responsibility for its contents rests entirely with the authors. Contents About the authors i Introduction iii Chapter 1 African agricultural production: overview Ron Sandrey 1 Chapter 2 The African historical profile for agricultural trade Ron Sandrey 47 Chapter 3 Africa production and exports of grapes and grape products in perspective Ron Sandrey 72 Chapter 4 The production and export profiles of oil and mineral products from Africa Ron Sandrey 92 Chapter 5 South Africa: Agricultural production and trade Fezeka Matebeni and Ron Sandrey 151 Chapter 6 An assessment of Zambia’s competitiveness Mary Mwaangireni and Ron Sandrey 170 Chapter 7 Did tariff liberalisation boost Zambian imports from South Africa? Ron Sandrey and Camille Andriamahatana 193 Chapter 8 Ethiopia: Agricultural production and trade Ron Sandrey 206 Chapter 9 Rwanda: Agriculture – the production and trade profile Ron Sandrey 227 Chapter 10 Madagascar: Agricultural production, trade and tariff profile Camille Andriamahatana, Ashly Hope and Willemien Viljoen 243 Chapter 11 Côte d’Ivoire: Agricultural production and trade Ron Sandrey 260 Chapter 12 Ghana: Agricultural production and trade Ayabonga Sibulali and Ron Sandrey 278 Chapter 13 Sierra Leone: Agricultural production and trade Dorica Singini and Ron Sandrey 299 Chapter 14 Cameroon: The agricultural production, trade and tariff profile Ayabonga Sibulali and Ron Sandrey 314 Chapter 15 Egypt: Agricultural production, trade and tariff profile Ron Sandrey 340 Africa’s production and trade: Agriculture and Minerals | i About the authors Sandrey, Ron completed a Ph.D. at Oregon State University in 1982. He then lectured at Lincoln University before taking a position as Chief Economist with the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture in 1987, and subsequently Economist with the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade in 1991. He is a Professor Extraordinaire, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Stellenbosch; Adjunct Associate Professor, Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit, Lincoln University, New Zealand; and tralac Associate. Viljoen, Willemien holds a Master’s degree in Economics and a Bachelor of Laws degree (LLB) from the University of Stellenbosch. She is currently a researcher at the Trade Law Centre (tralac). Her research interests are in regional integration and international trade policy, specifically issues pertaining to non-tariff barriers to trade, trade data analysis and modelling, and trade and climate change. Hope, Ashly holds a BA (Political Science)/LLB(Hons) from the University of Tasmania, and an LLM (Government and Commercial) from the Australian National University. She is admitted as a Legal Practitioner in the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory. Ashly has experience in policy advice and analysis in financial regulation, international economic governance and international tax. Ashly is currently part of the Australian Volunteers Program. She volunteers as a Research Mentor at tralac, focusing on regulation, services and the digital economy. Andriamahatana, Camille holds a Master’s Degree in Macroeconomics from the Catholic University of Madagascar. She is currently doing a Master’s degree in Applied Economics, specialized in Economic Consulting and Expertise at the University of Lille. Her fields of interest include data analysis, statistics, econometrics and public policy modelling and evaluation. Matebeni, Fezeka is an Agricultural economist under Agro-food Chain Unit at the National Agricultural Marketing Council. The current position she holds allows her to gain valuable ii | Africa’s production and trade: Agriculture and Minerals experience in the Agricultural Sector. Fezeka currently holds a Masters degree in Agricultural Economics from the University of Stellenbosch. Her Masters research was on measuring household food security status in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. She also holds a Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics from the University of Fort Hare. Singini, Dorica is an agricultural economist with expertise in international trade policy and rural development. She holds a Master of Science in Agricultural Economics from the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa and partly from the University of Hohenheim, Germany. Dorica has worked with the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development in Malawi. She also possesses expertise in complex economic concepts and econometrics, and is adept in theory application to practical occurrences in the world and capable of simplifying economic data. Dorica has a strong understanding of agricultural policies, data interpretation and agribusiness skills. Sibulali, Ayabonga works at the Western Cape Department of Agriculture under the Macro and Resource Economics Division. His line of duties are international trade analysis, export promotion research, and provides timely economic and agricultural advices, perform competitiveness and value chain analysis. He holds a Masters of Science (MSc) degree in Agricultural Economics from the University of Stellenbosch, and a Bachelor of Science (BSc) Honours degree in Agricultural Economics (Cum Laude) from the University of Fort Hare. His professional expertise include trade and policy, macroeconomic research and statistical analysis. Mwaangireni, Mary is currently a Research and Development Officer at the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority. She studied for a BSc Honours Degree in Economics and a Masters in Business Administration, both at the University of Zimbabwe. Her areas of interest include macroeconomic, trade and fiscal policy research as well as tax revenue forecasting. She is also a data collector for the African Tax Outlook, an African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF) flagship publication as well as the focal point for trade data for the National Food Balance Sheet. Next >