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The seventh edition of the ‘Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System’ of the World Customs Organisation (WCO) becomes operational on 1 January 2022. Since its incepti...

This paper investigates movements in services trade restrictions and their impacts on services trade over an eight-year period (2008-2016). It utilises the latest, most globally in...

The negotiations for the adoption of the Phase II Protocols of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) have started. They will cover investment, intellectual property righ...

Trade remedies and safeguards are key exceptions to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) principles of non-discrimination and transparency through binding commitments on tariffs and ...

State Parties’ trade-related rights and obligations are derived from international agreements. Governments’ implementation of trade agreements involves domestic measures taken ...

On the last day of December 2020, the South African Department of Home Affairs published two draft policies for public comment. The one is a Draft One-stop Border Post Policy, the ...

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is an ambitious undertaking that brings together 1.3 billion people in 55 African countries to create the world’s largest free tr...

This paper employs both informal and formal analysis of panel trade and tariff data to determine the extent to which the gaining of preferential access to a market actually leads t...

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) establishes a Free Trade Area (FTA) for trade in goods (and some services) among the 55 Member States of the African Union (AU). Th...

Foreign investment is essential for the economic development of African countries. Public investments and domestic investments are not enough to achieve social and economic develop...

An effective Intellectual Property Right (IPR) system makes an important contribution to trade because it provides confidence to right holders that their rights will be respected a...

The conclusion of a trade agreement does not guarantee new trade flows. For that to happen, the reasons why trade between certain countries is at low levels must be addressed. Effe...

Road transport plays a critical role in facilitating trade and enhancing regional integration in Africa, and it is an indispensable input to international economic cooperation and ...

An objective of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) is to create a liberalised market for goods and services. To achieve this, the AfCFTA provides for progressive...

Even under the immense challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic on the African continent, great opportunities exist for the expansion of trade through trade and development financ...

Borders and border control matter. A starker reminder of this simple truth could hardly be found than the Covid-19 pandemic. It caused worldwide ‘lockdowns’ and border closures...

The International Trade Administration Commission (ITAC) was established through an Act of Parliament, the International Trade Administration Act, 2002 (Act No. 71 of 2002), which ...

When one speaks to the private sector operators (freight forwarders in particular) involved in the business of clearing goods for export to African states, their biggest complaints...

Services are vital for economic growth. The services sector is the most rapidly growing segment of the world economy. It adds significant value to manufacturing and agricultural pr...

On 29 March 2017, the UK Government notified the European Council that it wanted to withdraw from the European Union (EU). This happened after a referendum on 23 June 2016 in which...