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The purpose of trade agreements is to promote international trade. Preferential trade agreements on services or Economic Integration Agreements (EIAs) as they are defined in Articl...

For advanced regional economic integration arrangements, beyond trade in goods, the free movement of labour, is an essential part of the agenda. The free movement of labour creates...

The role of customs in the 20th and 21st centuries has evolved in many respects. With the proliferation of regional trading arrangements (RTAs) whose main objective is to incr...

One of the priority areas of the Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA) is the elimination of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to address the impact of these barriers on the cost of doing bus...

Malawi has experienced mixed economic fortunes in recent years, characterised by low growth between 1994 and 2003, a spurt between 2005 and 2009, and balance of payment and fiscal ...

Africa’s economic prospects can be greatly improved through minerals processing, the expansion of manufacturing activities, and the production and export of nontraditional agricu...

Regional and especially economic integration holds potential and strong benefits for Africa. But this is true only if Africa could succeed in identifying a successful formula to co...

Trade policy refers to the calculated use of interventionist measures at a country’s border to allocate resources to more productive use. The intention is to change the economy...

Five years have now elapsed since the Heads of State of the five East African Community (EAC) partner states (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) signed the Protocol on th...

There is an almost universal agreement that the rules of origin (ROO), as designed mainly to stop trade deflection or ‘imports sneaking through the back door’ in preferential t...

Regional integration remains a prominent policy objective for Africa. Its emphasis at continental level was confirmed by the decision of the members of the African Union to establi...

The objective of this paper is to firstly set the background for a discussion and analysis of Burundi and its merchandise trading background before presenting a more detailed analy...

The Constitution of the Republic of Namibia contains in Article 144 a provision which purports to make international agreements part of the national law. It reads: Unless otherwis...

Recent tralac research has shown that since 2001 Africa’s overall trade with the old friends (the United States and the European Union in particular) has dramatically declined wh...

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) will get a new Tribunal. This will happen because the Summit of SADC Heads of State and Government so decided. SADC has been witho...

In some respects the end of 2014 brought some light to a quiet year on the trade front. This Trade Brief reviews some of the trade-related developments of the past year at the glob...

tralac has recently capitalised upon the pre-release version 9.2 of the GTAP database, and the recent excellent data sets from the World Bank and others publishing quality data on ...

Trade and investment are the two fundamental pillars of international economic relations. Almost all international trade flows are governed either by bilateral or regional trade ag...

The Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between the European Union (EU) and respective African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries are regional agreements aimed at prom...

The new Southern African Customs Union (SACU) Agreement entered into force on 15 July 2014. Where does the Organization stand ten years later? Have the original expectations come t...