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The climate change crisis might have taken a backseat during the COVID-19 pandemic, but it has certainly again come to the fore with the release of the latest Intergovernmental Pan...

Agreements to establish so-called new generation Free Trade Areas (FTAs) have become frequent. They are “new” because they liberalise not only trade in goods but also services,...

An announcement on 10 June 2021 by South African President Cyril Ramaphosa that electricity generation up to 100 Megawatt (MW) would no longer require a license from NERSA – the ...

International trade is about commerce across the borders of sovereign States, which have jurisdiction over their own territory. Trade happens primarily through private initiative a...

The so-called new generation Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) do not constitute a specific technical category but are generally designed for comprehensive trade deals and economic inte...

Industrialisation and the emergence of new technologies, such as the Internet, have improved value chain efficiency but also increased the complexity of production linkages. Within...

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) aims to boost intra-African trade by providing a comprehensive and mutually beneficial trade agreement among the member states, cov...

Low intra-Africa and regional trade have historically been attributed to tariffs. However, recent evidence shows that non-tariff issues are the main reason for low intra-Africa and...

Afreximbank recently published a paper in the Bank’s Policy Journal under the title of Building a Better Future of Work for Resilience and Growth in Post-COVID-19 Africa. It make...

Since the early stage of trade integration within the African continent, women's interests have been on the agenda, at least that is what the agreements reveal. Indeed, including s...

From the end of 2019, as the Covid-19 virus began to spread, countries have implemented various mitigating measures. These vary across countries and include short-term shutting-dow...

The Protocols to the Agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) establish various technical committees to assist with the implementation of the Ag...

The state of indebtedness in sub-Saharan African has been extensively detailed in a previous tralac trade brief. That brief showed that the region was already struggling with high ...

In Africa, cross-border road transport carries over 80% of intra-regional and inter-regional trade. It provides a critical link between landlocked countries and international marke...

The seventh edition of the ‘Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System’ of the World Customs Organisation (WCO) becomes operational on 1 January 2022. Since its incepti...

Start of trade under the preferential terms of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) was announced on 1 January 2021, whilst negotiations to finalise outstanding issues ...

This trade brief will provide an overview of the state of indebtedness (including both public and private debt) for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This will cover the period of 2015-202...

In early 2021, the AfCFTA started to become a reality, albeit an agreement with many details still to be finalized. The objective for this trade brief is to examine the African Con...

This paper investigates movements in services trade restrictions and their impacts on services trade over an eight-year period (2008-2016). It utilises the latest, most globally in...

Most countries broadly aspire to free trade, and the benefits of international trade at times induce situations where governments support domestic industries with the objective of ...